![intra aural intra aural](https://ufp-online.fr/24376-116382-thickbox/dacomex-059831-intra-aural-ecouteur-avec-fil-18-20000-hz-108-db-blanc.jpg)
Their usage is restricted to about half of the world’s population – I can’t think why! These types of product are called pessaries and works as a similar way to a suppository. Here products are added to the ear, usually to treat conditions of the ear such as ear infections and dealing with excessive ear wax.
![intra aural intra aural](https://www.maseri.ma/10017-large_default/samsung-ecouteur-intra-aural-noir-eo-eg920bbegww.jpg)
Eye care products must be sterile because the lens of the eye cannot repair itself as it has no blood supply. Here a sterile product is added to the eye. This method also avoids initial metabolism in the liver. It is absorbed rapidly with quick onset of action. The dry product is taken into the mouth where it dissolves. Here the product is absorbed under the tongue. Commonly used for smoking cessation products, hormone replacement and pain relief during late stages of cancer. Good if a steady amount of the drug is required over a period of time (the user can, for example, forget to take a tablet).
#Intra aural skin#
Used as patches on the skin for long term dosing. Treat customer complaints from individuals who complain that a suppository doesn’t taste very nice carefully! The patient has put the product in the wrong hole! Transdermal This is actually a very good route of drug administration due to the high qualities of blood vessels around the anus. Here the product is administered into the anus (bum, bottom, anus, arse (whatever you want to call it)) in the form of a suppository. The drug is not well absorbed through the skin and as such these products are used to treat the condition locally. These products are applied directly onto the outer body surfaces. The USA required aqueous inhalation products to be sterile. They do not need to be sterile, but aqueous inhalation products (nebulisers) often made and tested as if they were sterile. Examples include anaesthetic gasses, asthma inhalers and nebulisers. These products are breathed in and are absorbed into the blood stream via the lungs. Intra-arterial (into an artery) – normally you are injected into a vein.Intra-peritoneal injections (into the body cavity around the gut and intestines).Intra-articular injections (into a joint).Intra-osseous injections (into the bone marrow).
![intra aural intra aural](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/51ZNQjZ4gEL._AC_SX679_.jpg)
![intra aural intra aural](https://www.openit.be/content/images/thumbs/0410791_sony-mdr-ex15lp-intra-aural-ecouteur-rose-3.jpeg)
Intra-cisternal injections (into the lymph ducts).Subcutanious injections (into the skin layers).Intra-muscular injections (into the muscle).Other specialised methods of injection also exist. Due to the fact that these products bypass the body’s natural defence mechanisms they need to be sterile (free from micro-organisms). They can be used for small administration of product via injection or for longer term dosage via intravenous bags. They also avoid the initial metabolism in the liver. These drugs are injected straight into the bloodstream and have a rapid distribution and effect. Once absorbed the drug passes through the liver where it will be metabolised. The drug formulation needs to protect the active ingredient through the acids of the stomach. Generally seen as convenient by the patient. The most common method of getting drugs into the body. I will now run through these in a little more detail. There are a wide range of methods of administration of medicines. With direct injection the body is injected directly into the bloodstream or other body fluid. With absorption the product might be (for example) put on the eye or skin, ingested and then absorbed in the intestine or breathed in and absorbed in the nose or lungs. A crude way of looking at how we get medicines into the body is this – “if there’s a hole then we’ll put medicines in it and if there is not a hole, then we’ll go and make one”! The intake of medicines is achieved either via absorption or direct injection.